Process Design Essay

Design Improvement Product/service design Planning and control Nature and purpose of the design activity Products, services and the processes which produce them all have to be designed Decisions taken during the design of a product or service will have an impact on the decisions taken during the design of the process which produces those products or services, and vice versa Design of products / services and design of processes are interrelated and should be treated together Designing the product or service Designing the process Products and services should be designed in such a way that they can be created effectively Product / service design has an impact on the process design and vice versa Processes should be designed so they can create all products and services which the operation is likely to introduce Design of the Product Design of the Process In manufacturing operations overlapping the activities of product and process design is beneficial In most service operations the overlap between service and process design is implicit in the nature of service Process mapping symbols derived from ‘Scientific Management’ Operation (an activity that directly adds value) Inspection (a check of some sort) Transport (a movement of something) Delay (a wait, e. g. for materials) Process mapping symbols derived from Systems Analysis Beginning or end of the process Activity Input or output from the process Direction of flow Storage (deliberate storage, as opposed to a delay) Decision (exercising discretion) Manufacturing process types Process tasks Diverse/ complex Process flow High Intermittent Project Jobbing Variety Batch Mass Continuous Low Volume High Repeated/ divided Continuous Low Specially made, every one ‘customized’ Defined start and finish: time, quality and cost objectives Many different skills have to be coordinated A project process with a small part of the process map that would describe the whole process Jobbing processes Very small quantities: ‘one-offs’, or only a few required Specially made: high variety, low repetition, ‘strangers’, every one ‘customized’ Skill requirements are usually very broad Skilled Jobber, or team, completes whole roduct Batch processes Higher volumes and lower variety than for Jobbing Standard products, repeating demand. But can make specials Specialized, narrower skills Set-ups (changeovers) at each stage of production Mass (line) processes Higher volumes than batch Standard, repeat products (‘runners’) Low and/or narrow skills No set-ups, or almost instantaneous ones A mass process – a packing process Continuous processes Extremely high volumes and low variety: often single product Standard, repeat products (‘runners’) Highly capital-intensive and automated Few hangeovers required Difficult and expensive to start and stop the process A service shop – This health club offers some variety within a standard set of facilities and processes A mass service – This call centre can handle a very high volume of customer enquiries because it standardizes its process Source: Royal Bank of Scotland Group Deviating from the ‘natural’ diagonal on the product-process matrix has consequences for cost and flexibility Manufacturing operations process types S ervice operations process types None More process flexibility than is needed so high cost Project Jobbing Batch Mass Continuous None Less process flexibility than is needed so high cost Professional service Service shop Mass service The ‘natural’ line of fit of process to volume/variety characteristics Flow (layout), technology and Job design are all influenced by process positioning Flow Unorganized Technology Little / general Jobs Varied / high discretion Volume Custom furniture maker Machine tool maker Automobile factory Predictable Specialist Routine / low discretion Petrochemical refinery Investment banking Customer service branch Bank call centre Credit card processing Customized sandwich – old process Raw materials Assembly Stored sandwiches Move to outlets sell Take payment Standard sandwich process Customer request The operation of making and selling customized sandwiches Prepare Sandwich materials and customers Assemble as required Take payment Customers ‘assembled’ to sandwiches Bread and base filling Assemble whole sandwich Use standard ‘base? No Yes Outline process of making and selling customized sandwiches Detailed process of assembling customized sandwiches Customized sandwich – new process Assemble whole sandwich Assembly of ‘sandwich bases’ Use standard ‘base? Take ayment Fillings Bread and base filling Stored ‘bases’ Yes Customer request Assemble from standard ‘base’ No Little’s law (a really quite useful law) Throughput (TH) = Work in process (WIP) x Cycle time (CT) Cycle time = 2 minutes WIP = 10 Throughput time = ? Throughput time = 10 x 2 minutes = 20 minutes time (CT) 500 exam scripts need to be marked in 5 days (working 7 hours a day). It takes 1 hour to mark a script. How many markers are needed? What is designed in a product or service? The understanding of the nature, use and value of the service or product A concept A package The group of ‘component’ products and services that provide those benefits defined in the concept The way in which the component products and services will be created and delivered A process The product and service design activity is a process in itself Transformed resources, . g. Technical information Market information Time information The product / service design process whose performance is measured by its Quality Speed Dependability Flexibility Cost Fully specified products and Outputs services Inputs Transforming resources, e. g. Test and design equipment Design and technical staff The stages of product / service design Concept generation Concept screening Preliminary design Evaluation and improvement Prototyping and final design Ideas from customers formally through marketing activities Listening to customers – n a day-to-day basis Ideas from competitor activity – for example reverse engineering Ideas from staff – especially those who meet customers every day Ideas from research and development Broad categories of evaluation criteria for assessing concepts Feasibility – how difficult is it? What INVESTMENT, both managerial and financial, will be needed? What RETURN, in terms of benefits to the operation, will it give? Overall evaluation of the concept Criteria for screening concepts Acceptability – how worthwhile is it? Vulnerability – what could go wrong? What RISKS do we run if things go wrong? Design involves progressively reducing the number of possibilities until the final design is reached CONCEPT Choice and evaluation ‘screens’ Large number of design options Uncertainty regarding the final design TIME One design FINAL DESIGN SPECIFICATON Certainty regarding the final design Design evaluation and improvement.

Gender Project

Today more than ever, toys are incredibly gendered, and send highly gendered messages to the children who play with them about what an ideal male or female looks like, acts like, and how he or she lives their life. This project aims to look at the ways in which toys are so gendered (based on one trip to a Toys R us store in Greensboro, North Carolina) and to describe the gendering of toys through three sociological perspectives.Section One- Observations In this particular Toys R us, Items were displayed In segregated zones; meaning that there were very clear areas that were for girls' toys and separate, very clear areas that were for boys toys. From far away, these sections could be easily distinguished from one another by the headings above each of the aisles that held the toys. On the left side of the store, the signs hanging above the aisles read- Star Wars, Action Figures, and Sports, respectively. On the right side of the store the aisles were marked- Dolls, Dolls, and Pretend P lay.Clearly the toys on the right side of the store were meant for girls, and the left side toys were meant for boys. The segregated zones were also easily distinguishable at a glance by the packaging and presentation f the toys on their shelves. Boys toys were packaged In more stereotypical â€Å"masculine† colors- red, blue, grey, and black. Further, all the boxes containing boys' toys portrayed some sort of motion or action on the boxes. The action portrayed was almost always violent In one way or another; a tank moving, a fist or bullet flying through the air, etc.Girls' toys, by contrast, were packaged completely differently. The boxes for girls' toys were pink. Purple, covered in glitter and sparkles, and almost all had light, feminine language on them- words like â€Å"magical†, â€Å"sparkly', and â€Å"princess†, o name a few. Toys R us' selection of Nerd- brand toys are an excellent example of how using different packaging and presentation for essenti ally the same item can be heavily gendered. Being a toy whose concept is rooted in violence, Nerd toys are typically for boys. However, Nerd recently released a line of toy weapons for girls called Rebelled.All the Rebelled toys are pink or purple with flowers and glitter on them to make them appear more feminine', and they also have very girl names, such as ‘Heartbreak Bow', ‘Diamonds', ‘Dart Diva', ‘Femme Fire', ‘Angel Aim', ‘Pink Crush', etc. Even If two Nerd guns of the same make and model were presented side-by side, no shopper would have any trouble knowing which one was being marketed to girls and which to boys. This loaded difference in packaging and presentation was also present everything in the store, whether it could carry a perceived gender role or not, was gendered.Instruments, pens and pencils, notebooks, walked-talkies, playing balls, and several other kinds of toys were packaged in ways in which two items that were essentially the same would be obviously be marketed to one gender or another. Toys hat recreate stereotypical home life are essentially having children play out their societal predetermined future roles. This is seen specifically in the ‘pretend play genre of toys. These are model replicas of the realms that children ‘should' grow up to occupy.What this means for girls is child-size kitchens and child-size cleaning toys, and baby-dolls. Girls grow up learning through these toys that their place in society is in house and home, cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. The boy versions of these toys are child-size model grills, toolkits, and car-building toys. The brands Home Depot and John Deere both have lines of toys for boys, depicting specifically male things for them to do. Many girl toys also demonstrate that a girl should be heavily focused on keeping herself beautiful.There are a huge amount of toys dedicated to teaching girls how to do the hair, nails, and makeup on their do lls, and most of the dolls marketed to girls all are sold with makeup painted onto their faces. Going even further, the toys also include makeup for the girl to use on herself, teaching girls at an early age that wearing makeup is preferable for women in this society, and generally necessary for them to be considered beautiful. Additionally, dolls marketed to girls all wear makeup and have the societal accepted standard of ‘beauty.Their bodies are skinny, tall, big-breasted, and completely disconnected with what any real human woman's actual body might look like. They give girls an image to look up to that they will never attain. Boys also face unrealistic representations of the human physique in their toys. Action figures marketed to them all have huge muscles, square Jaws, and other features that conform to the societal idea of the deal male body. Toy companies go even further than giving girls unrealistic body expectations in terms of not working to connect their toys to re ality.They girls' toys section had absolutely no toys that were designed to be replicas of real people from the real world. Girls had no role models foam reality represented in toys. Boys' toys, on the other hand, had several role models represented in their action figures. These men were almost entirely athletes; baseball or basketball players, wrestlers or MASCARA drivers (another male-dominated field). These toys teach boys to idealize throng, wealthy, masculine, sometimes violent men, without giving them any more realistic images to aspire to.Section Two- Perspectives Looking at the issue of highly gendered toys through various sociological lenses can provide us with several insights on why the toys children play with carry such thinly veiled and heavily stereotyped messages. Through a Symbolic Internationalist lens, toys themselves are symbols used to convey meaning. This paradigm focuses on the role of symbols in colonization and social interaction, and argues that society is formed when groups of people all give the same meaning to the same symbols and Greer on how these symbols play into their colonization.Using this paradigm, toys can be regarded as symbols in that in many cases they are child versions of adult things, meaning the toy replicas of kitchens, babies, tools, cars, grills, etc. They symbolize the appropriate material symbols in the life that the child will grow in to. Stages of their development, is directing them to live and act in a certain way that society considers ideal. Structural Functionalism dictates that society is a functionally integrated, problem- solving entity.Through this lens, the subject of gendered colonization through toys loud be seen as a developed response to a certain problem. Hypothetically, using toys to teach children how they ought to behave could be a carefully constructed response on behalf of toy manufacturers to the problem of children not being socialized ‘properly. If children were not being socializ ed to behave in their predetermined manners, this ‘deviance' could pose a threat to traditional gender roles in the United States and to keeping things functioning the way they ‘should'.The function of the gendered toys could be to keep society working ‘properly in whatever way they could. One last way of looking at the gendering of toys is through a Social Conflict perspective. This perspective conceives the emergence and persistence of social institutions and practices as the consequence of the exercise of power and explains their transformation as the result of conflict between different groups contending for power. In terms of toys and their messages, the two groups contending for power are less groups than they are ideas.One idea would be that people and the gender roles they should occupy should remain the same as they've been for generations, with omen occupying domestic spheres of society and men occupying public ones. The idea that battles this one would b e a more modern idea that men and women can and should hold the same positions in society. The fact that toys are generally more in line with the former idea shows that that is the side of the battle that is currently Winning, making it the societal norm, at least in the realm of children's toys.Toys are a constant in the development of children and thus play a large role in their colonization. While some toys teach children positive messages about caring for ACH other, sharing, and other healthy traits, the majority of the child-play market is saturated with heavily gendered and extremely antiquated messages about children's bodies and looks, traits, roles, behavior, and almost all aspects of their lives.The result of this is generation after generation of children who subconsciously take in false information about what it means to be a boy or a girl, a man or a woman. Social behavior is learned at a young age, and to teach children these outdated gender roles is to freeze our soci ety in an era gone by when we should be advancing toward a more equal world instead.

Issue 11 taking sides clashing views on political issues seventeenth Essay

Issue 11 taking sides clashing views on political issues seventeenth edition - Essay Example Nobody can know what will happen to them tomorrow and when they will exactly fall ill. The indispensability of health insurance is best understood at the time someone is critically ill and he/she cannot pay the hospital bill immediately. If he/she is assured of health insurance the person need not worry about how he/she will pay for the medical treatment. By this way it is within their reach to safeguard their health and future Apart from providing financial security the health insurance promotes good health. Reduced cost of health services offered by the insurance plans induces people to go for health checkups and to take preventive medical care thereby avoiding any impending major illness. Health insurance takes care of old people as well. Most of the working families have no time to look after elderly people and they are left in old age homes. The old people often feel helpless when they are ill and have no money to pay for the hospital fees. If health insurance is available to them it will come to their rescue at the time of crisis Many people believe that in addition to providing financial stability, health insurance promotes good health. By reducing the personal cost of medical services, insurance induces people to go for regular checkups there by avoiding any impending threat to their health. On comparing the health care system in US with the other industrialized nations in the world Ezra Klein says that Canada, France Great Britain and Germany provide better health care for their people at lesser cost than US Canada is a single payer, rather than a socialized system. That means the government is the primary purchaser of services, but providers themselves are private (Ezra Klein. The Health of Nations, the American Prospect, May 2007 (1820). In the single payer system the cost of medicines as well as administrative costs is less In the French system, which is appreciated for its

A Discussion of Punk Rock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Discussion of Punk Rock - Research Paper Example This essay "A Discussion of Punk Rock" outlines the origin and the influence of this genre on the music's history. Music is a uniquely universal phenomenon. Across the ocean a different explanation comes for the United States. Although all inspired by similar bands and sounds, it was the mid to late 60s in Detroit and New York that saw the true birth of Punk Rock. Bands like MC5 in Detroit and Velvet Underground in New York set the precedent for the future of Punk Rock. (Cooper, 2013) Within a few short years dozens of bands appeared, both in the United States and Britain, bringing differing, new sounds, and styles all contributing to the Punk Rock movement. Until the late 1970s Punk Rock remained primarily underground. However, with bands like the Ramones and The Sex Pistols the rest of the world began to take notice. The sounds of Punk Rock are hard to ignore or overlook. It is a loud, angry, and rebellious sound. Defying the laws of music. Punk Rock taught â€Å"would be† P unk Rock artists that it is not necessary to play instruments well or have the ability to genuinely sing. It was more about the message that you are trying to convey (Youngs, 2002).Guitars with harsh cords, drums pounding, and a vocalist whose screaming lyrics are, often, unintelligible to a first time listener. this is part of the reason that Punk Rock can be so hard to define. At its core all Punk Rock shares hard edged, rebellious, and regularly conveyed loathing of the establishment and society as a whole (Cooper, 2013). To grasp the unique differences it would be advisable to acknowledge the different bands that hold the

Conflict Management Styles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Conflict Management Styles - Coursework Example The paper will be structured in the following manner. To begin with, a broad definition of conflict will be provided. Thereafter the paper will explain that conflict is positive and point out the importance of engaging in conflict. The benefits of constructive conflict management will also be elucidated. Having established the importance of engaging in conflict, the next part of the paper will highlight the two categories of conflict that we are likely to face in our daily lives as well as the causes of each type of conflict. Having elaborated on the different varieties of conflict, the two dimensions of conflict behavior that these different conflict situations evoke will be explained and the various conflict handling styles will be examined. A conflict is a disagreement between individuals or groups who have differing needs, interests, opinions, and values. A conflict can be defined as a â€Å"condition in which people’s concerns appear to be incompatible† (Thomas 2). Anger, blame and distress are common emotions associated with conflict. There are certain misconceptions and pre-conceived notions about the conflict. Most people believe that conflict is negative, abnormal or unhealthy. However, the reality is that conflict is positive and it is healthy to engage in it. Conflict is inevitable! Whether it is in business or personal relationships, conflicts are bound to happen. Conflict is often considered a taboo and people often try their best to avoid it. However, the reality is that most relationships require productive conflict in order to grow. Individuals who prefer to avoid debate on important issues and stay away from conflict are likely to cause dangerous tension. They may resort to personal attacks which are more harmful than heated arguments over issues. While conflict has its risks, in most cases it is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Hence it is a mistake to assume that conflict is harmful â€Å"because only if people express their differences will new ideas emerge. Indeed some degree of conflict between individuals and groups†¦potentially beneficial in terms of motivation and setting higher standards†.

AIR Pollution Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIR Pollution - Outline Example The trend in such industrialized countries is therefore a proof of the low socio economic factors prevalent in the countries despite their strong economies as the discussion below portrays. While obesity refers to the increase in body weight, research continues to prove that poor people are more susceptible to obesity than their wealthy counterparts are. Such is a worrying correlation since it proves that large sections of the populations of the developed countries are increasingly becoming poor (Correl,2010). Obesity is a lifestyle complication and therefore arises when people cannot afford appropriate lifestyles. The increase of fast food cafes in such developed economies as the United States and the United Kingdom is an economic factor that does not only point to the rising poverty levels but also makes citizens more vulnerable to obesity. Fast food cafes dispense foods high in fat some of which are never cooked in appropriate conditions. However, the foods are cheap and convenient to most of the people in the countries who spend most of their active hours at work. Such people lack adequate time to exercise thus burn the excess calories they obtain from such foods a feature that heightens their risks of obesity. The rising cost of living in the industrialized economies compels the poor to work hard thus lacking time to exercise and burn the excess calories (Drewnowski, 2013). Despite such, the group continues to rely on fast foods thus increasing their risks of becoming obese. Furthermore, obesity sustains the cycle of poverty in such families since it increases the chances of the people suffering many other diseases, which require adequate funds to manage. Despite such close relationships between poverty and obesity, other researches continue to prove that obesity arises from social factors and is not therefore a proof of the rising poverty levels in such countries. Proper nutrition for example is a cultural problem in the United States a feature that

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Literature - Essay Example It is also clear that their heir feelings of nationalistic pride would have been greatly damaged following the humiliation of losing a war they perceived to be a draw. Germans were well aware that the rest of the world looked upon them with contempt and as the losers, giving them plenty of motivation for a new fight. This is why it can be said that the treaty was largely responsible for the Nazi’s rise to power and the inevitable violence of WWII. A great deal of the literature of this period remains focused on the individual and his or her attempts to discover some form of meaning in their lives. For example, Luitov in â€Å"My First Goose† attempts to find his place in a crazy world by abandoning his faith and his homeland in order to become one of the Cossacks. In the crazy world of the uneducated and rough Cossacks, though, he remains empty and unfulfilled because he is quickly branded an outsider and teased. His attempts to join the men in his rough treatment of the old woman and her goose also leave him unfulfilled because he is already feeling the ‘grating’ in his heart indicating that he has retained more of his family’s belief system than he had cared to admit. These stories typically illustrate that while we may not have much control over our lives or be provided with a world that makes any sense, we still have an element of individual control over the choices we make. Our reactions to the results of these choices help us to define who we are as people and help us develop our own sense of meaning. The Occupation of Japan went smoothly because the Americans didn’t try to come in and completely re-seat the Japanese administrative structures. However, things weren’t necessarily all that smooth. Postwar Japan was devastated by the fire bombing, living spaces were scarce and fuel and food were even less plentiful. When the U.S. went into Iraq, though, one of the first things they did was to remove the existing governmental

IKEA case study in strategic management report Essay

IKEA case study in strategic management report - Essay Example IKEA primarily sells furniture along with other home products such as appliances and accessories for kitchens and bathrooms. It sells these in knock-down kits that are ready-to-assemble by the customers themselves who are also resorted to for transportation of the goods to their respective homes. This retail model has been very successful for the company in all its emerging markets, resulting in a sheer increase in size to the point of becoming the largest furniture retailer in the world (Reuters). Their business model wholly focuses on a cost leadership strategy which forms the core of their competitive advantage. As we shall see, IKEA resorts to offer a distinguished appeal by coupling this strategy with various other methods of creating a unique product which not only appeals to those with an urge to maintain a level of quality but also to those looking to cut their purchasing costs. The purpose of this report is to outline its internationalization model and to verify some of the key opportunity areas for growth as well as managing looming risks. Analysis Retail is a fast growing industry in today’s consumer based societies, managing to look out for the needs of consumers directly without the expense of innovation. In today’s business, it has managed to become an important pillar industry of the society, certifying economic and social development in the region it most thrives in. With prosperity comes an improvement in lifestyle and comfort, and with an edge towards affordability, IKEA has sought to cater to the household goods market by passing on its cost leadership strategies to the benefit of consumers in the form of cheaper yet quality-proven products up to a range of 25 to 50 percent. Ever since its inception, IKEA has gradually set up shop in several different countries reaching a grand total of 267 Group stores by the end of 2009, with Germany being the highest selling country by far as a percentage of total sales. Their model incorpora tes the various principles of expansion that in turn harmonize their competitive advantage of price in several other markets. They achieve this by the process of internationalization. Internationalization for a company is a crucial stage of development, as it serves to integrate it into the retail sector for a consumer based economy (Dawson 2007). It not only increases the life cycle of a product, but also attains economies of scale by extending the size of potential markets. In order to pursue this task for any company, it must develop some conceptual strategies IKEA has managed to successfully integrate into other markets with the strategies of cost leadership, focused cost leadership, and focused differentiation. Cost leadership engages in reducing the product costs and ignoring the various market segments that the company caters to, while focusing on a distinct narrow segment, thereby saving on the additional research, analysis and management requirement that necessitate additio nal investment and lead to a rise in manufacturing costs. IKEA does this by allowing the customers to choose, buy, assemble and transport their own goods, passing on the benefit of cost leadership directly to the consumers in the form of a 25 to 50% discount compared to competitor rates. Moreover, IKEA’s Scandinavian image capitalizes on the persistence of quality, so that their target audience of first-time buyers, and elderly people are infused with the perception that

Health Sciences - Pre Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Sciences - Pre Diabetes - Essay Example This condition is also known as the borderline, this is in the sense that the individual shows neither the presence of diabetes nor absence of diabetes. In the food substances that we consume, there are elements of glucose. The glucose levels in the blood are checked by another hormone in the blood called insulin. Insulin is responsible for converting the excess sugar (glucose) in the blood to glycogen (Gottlieb, 2004). The same happens when the body experiences low blood sugar level in which the stored glycogen is discharged back into the blood to elevate the sugar level to normalcy. Diabetes or pre-diabetes condition arises when insulin is not produced in the right quantities in the body or when the insulin effectiveness is hampered and does not function fully (Gottlieb, 2004). The pre diabetes condition does not conform to all the conditions and factors that lead to the conclusion that an individual is diabetic or not. With regard to this, those diagnosed with pre-diabetes conditi on are at higher risks of not only developing diabetes type II but also some other related cardiovascular condition (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). The condition of pre-diabetes is also referred to as ‘grey area’. In America, this condition has been surveyed among the citizens and the prevalence and incidence noted, to some extent it has been referred to as an epidemic. It affects almost 57 million people in America (Metcalf, & Metcalf, 2008). The development of the pre-diabetes condition is largely attributed to some of the lifestyle, hence, referred to as lifestyle condition. The life style conditions include the kind of diet we consume - if the diet is having too much glucose it translates, then that there will be more sugar being discharged in blood requiring much more efficient way of conversion to glycogen (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). Sedentary lifestyle is also a recipe for the development of the condition. Leading a sedentary lifestyle indicates that not much energy is used for respiration, thus, there is accumulation of the glucose in the body and can accelerate the development of the condition. Too much consumption of alcohol also damages the liver making it inefficient in the production of insulin, a substance that is requires for the conversion of the excess glucose in blood to glycogen (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). Tests for monitoring pre Diabetes Monitoring of the condition is essential for people who have developed pre-diabetes condition have to attend a regular monitoring test of their blood sugar to ensure that the critical condition is not hit. Monitoring of the blood sugar can be done in several ways: first of all, HbA1c (A1C or glycosylated hemoglobin test), when this test is run, the level of the blood sugar is noted in a snapshot and the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) denotes the level of blood sugar in the body (Gregg, Callaghan & Hayes 2007, 123). Home monitoring is also available and it seems to be the cheapest, t he only problem is how to categorize the extent of blood sugar; whether high or low. The results of the home test are to be discussed with a physician for further insightful recommendations. Benefits of exercise in the prevention of pre-diabetes Involving in the exercise daily is helpful in the burning calories, when the calories are burned, the concentration of glucose in the blood is reduces. The effect of exercise in relation to diabetes type II has been studied and the findings have it that 58% of those who shows pre-diabetes do

Asean Solution for Rohingya Plight Essay Example for Free

Asean Solution for Rohingya Plight Essay WHY is Asean silent on the issue of Rohingya Muslims, who have been suffering for centuries under the Myanmar army junta? Recently, they were told to leave the country to a third world nation willing to receive them. This is cruelty towards their own people and it seems that the world is just watching the injustice done to them, without any assistance, support or solution. In June 2012, over 2000 people were displaced in sectarian violence in Myanmar, in which most victims were Muslims. The government promised a full investigation. Representatives from different religions and minorities condemned the atrocities inflicted on the Rohingya Muslims which is a serious human rights violation that the United Nations should stop immediately. In June 2012, 11 innocent Muslims were killed by the Burmese Army and the Buddhist mobs after bringing them down from a bus. A vehement protest was carried out in the Muslim majority province of Arakan, but the protesters fell victims to the tyranny of the mob and the army. People were reported killed and millions of homes destroyed in fires as Rohingyas and Buddhist-ethnic Arakanese clashed in western Myanmar. Myanmar has a Buddhist majority. The Muslim minority in Myanmar are mostly the Rohingyas and the descendants of Muslim immigrants from India (including what is now Bangladesh) and China, as well as descendants of earlier Arab and Persian settlers. Indian Muslim were brought to Burma by the British to aid them in clerical work and business. After independence, many Muslims remained in the country. Over the years, thousands of Rohingyas have fled to Thailand. According to reports, there are roughly 111,000 refugees housed in 9 camps along the Thai-Myanmar border. In February 2009, there was evidence of refugees being towed to sea and abandoned and other reports of brutality by the Thai military in which Thailands then prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva said that there were some instances in which Rohingyas were pushed out to sea. Will the present generation see the light of day? They are part of mankind, why then are we responding apathetically towards them? Asean must respond immediately to solve their issues. Please be sympathetic and empathetic towards the Rohingyas.

Relevance of Martin Luther King

Relevance of Martin Luther King Abstract: This extended essay is about ‚‘‘ Is Martin Luther King‘s speech, ‘I have a dream as relevant today as it was in 1963?‘‘. Comparison of the similarities between Martin Luther King speech, August 1963 and Barrack Obama victory speech, June 8th 2008, the similarities took place to be described. The emotions that Martin Luther King and Barrack Obama evoked, by touching the sensible hearts of humanity dreams, wishes and hopes that built up after many years. The key aspects of both ‘I have a dream and ‘yes we can, it is what everybody wish and dream about the American dream is a soul which lives in everybody, it is the share of basic humanity needs to live safe and non-ignorant life. How have the socio economic, political values, education, employment, housing changed in Black America between 1963 and 2008. Why have these changes come only now? The aim is to analyze looking at the facts from the past and today, to see the wide range of connected dreams and how they were achieved. Is Martin Luther King‘s speech, ‘I have a dream as relevant today as it was in 1963? Who are we, we ask sometimes our selves. We are the characters of the communities and families. We have a list of things to do. If we proceed according to the plan, sense of proportion, even dreams and wishes can come true. Belief and understanding is more essential to us today than it was before. What we want to see is changes and evolvement over time in society, how does it differ today than before and what were the right decisions made to overcome problems that laid the roots long ago in the U.S and global societies. Why only now have these changes occurred? Martin Luther King was one of the greatest fighters of human rights, and injustices, towards the black community and other races. Barrack Obama was a candidate for the presidents of the United States. He spoke his speech to make changes which related to what Martin Luther King started in 1963. A comparison of key elements in Martin Luther Kings dreams and Barrack Obama changes, and the improvement is measured in statistics by race, is a key focus of this research. After years these changes can be related to both men and their visions of America, being less discriminative, positive and free. The key elements of the dreams and changes in both speeches are related to statistics of socio economic and political values, education, employment rates and housing in black America today. Martin Luther Kings dream is full of emotion which was and still is supreme. These emotions were picked up by America‘s hip hop music artists and used as inspiration to support Barrack Obama, who has influenced younger generations to separate bad from good, to follow their dream with crates of hope and bravery, by simply repeating ‘yes we can, like Martin Luther King did, repeating ‘I have a dream. How far did Martin Luther Kings dreams went through over the years? Martin Luther King was born on 15th of January, 1929 and died on the 4th of April, 19681. Martin Luther King was a man with a dream, which has lasted even after his death. He is an example for people and he spoke his words of his dream in front of millions of people and the message was delivered across the world as a result, because discrimination is not only in America, its found all over the world and today there are more and more people who live in one country with many different races in peace, demonstrating that Martin Luther Kings dream is moving down the path to reality. In 1963, Martin Luther King shared his dream with us, his dream was so big and powerful that it exploded from his mouth that day on August 28th 2 into something beautiful and heart touching. The racism was inside people and no matter that the law said that everyone must be equal in every way. Since industrialization, other races that have come to live in, or were living in U.S. and looking for a better future were competing with US citizens, being cheaper labor, willing to work more hours were achieved with less pay in return. Poor living conditions were the peoples concerns reaching financial stability, raising children and giving them education. This never happened, because some white Americans, were without jobs, blamed other races for their fate and turned to a form of hate, physical violence as well as mental abuse. New gangs were introduced in society who worshiped Nazis. The ‘Ku Klux Klan3, it is very famous across the U.S. and globe for their actions and rituals against other races. The burning cross symbolizes a black man burning on it as a sacrifice, white robes also tells us that the members think they are in a war where blacks go against whites. The Am erican dream was far away. The American dream is simply what it says, a dream. Its about hope, the goals that you want for yourself and everyone around you, and if everyone is happy around you, then you are satisfied too. The things you want for yourself, your children and further generations, will be sustained through progress, not repeating the past, but progressing to the materialistic and equal prosperity. Identification of: Martin Luther King dreams  ´When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence ´4 Martin Luther King meant the significance of signing a promissory, or in other words, the American dream. Every American has their rights. Every person who lives in U.S. is the same human that creates economic wealth by filling the work place. Every one of them must be treated the same. The same in a way that people salaries are not taken down just because of their skin color or the way they look. Every human is working for himself with emotions, the right to speak and express the ideas freely. The word ‘No can be taken as a right decision but only when the conditions do not allow for something to happen. To improve the condition of the state and human rights for everyone, we have to say yes, to ‘I have a dream. ‘Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all Gods children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. 5 Martin Luther King, was not only taking a good look in U.S. at the time, in his words he mentioned Gods children, which means every single one of us on this planet have to step out of the quick sand of racial injustice. Does it look like a formula, for having a better understanding of life, for having a need to live for something; to love everyone around you; to see everyday happy smiling faces without hatred?: it is a formula which is attempted but never fully fulfilled for the complete result, is the solid rock of brotherhood. There is the word, ‘believer. Martin Luther King believed with all his heart that he could make a change. He was a man who had a lot of emotions that been held in his chest for a long time. A Black man with a dream, who rose up and gave a piece of intelligence and poetry to everyone revealed that he is the same person who does not discriminate, but asked to collaborate without racial ranking. ‘Little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers .6 The dream is a union. Martin Luther King played with faith to look at the blind truth that was buried under discrimination. Together he played a beautiful symphony of brotherhood, turned hatred to hope to recreate things that could be sorted out without fear of harassment, living in a world full of melody, where song are played by an orchestra that relies on the unification of many different personalities. And the conductor who leads the song should be a man, who never fail to unite the sounds and personalities that map the continuous melody of brotherhood. The past is still difficult to look back at; black Americans have been discriminated and for the worse, enslaved. History proved to us that Blacks couldn‘t do many things including work, use services, eat or even live where ever they wanted to. Discrimination also included political issues, for example, voting. Studying generations who had different features were not allowed or even forced out of universities. Poverty was everywhere in black society. Today is a different story. Black race are offered more for professional jobs. Many Blacks enter universities and pass to get a degree; there are many Black politicians and participants in elections. All of this sounds way better. House Purchase Power Home buying power by race ranking in U.S.A 7 Race 1994yr 2007yr % change in buying power since 94 1.White (non-Hispanic) 70.0 75.2 5.2% 2. Asian American 51.3 60.0 8.7% 3. Native American 51.7 56.9 5.2% 4. African American 42.3 47.2 4.9% 5. Hispanic or Latino 41.2 49.7 8.5% It can be seen white Americans have had the most opportunities to buy houses. Asians and Native Americans do not differ a lot, it is 4.9 percent and they are in the second and third places of house buying power. Fourth and fifth place in homeownership goes to African Americans, followed by Hispanics. Over 13 years, Hispanic and Latinos had the lowest number homeowners together with African Americans. The majority of other races, not whites, were zigzagging or slowly growing on the scale of homeownership. Looking at the house purchase power we can see that everything takes time. Patience is what makes you think of many ways how to make a real statement or in this case, Martin Luther Kings dreams are slowly becoming realistic. A dream is when reality issues collide with dreams and the manner of accepting, the changes. Something that Martin Luther King spoke about was a realistic dream that continues up till today and further into our future, a never ending emotion. ‘With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together , to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. 8 The land of opportunities a great nation, this must become true not only on paper, but also in human actions, behavior and acceptance to change together to become newborn fresh minded people who can thrive together so as to be united and wealthy. One person is somewhere, very close in the shape to the problem solver and in the shape of a true black American who has the same rights to speak, but has a different rank. Miracle and fantasy, many are starting to think of how simple it could be to migrate to a location with a purpose, where the creation of a good atmosphere is implied in every human characteristic, with no racial injustice or prejudices. If we had known how to make it all bright at the beginning of the start, then what way would we now understand as the differences in life? If we had only one way of thinking, or only one culture, maybe we would not have to fight for riches, or dreams. And what our governments want can be expressed in many different ways. Resources, wealth, mental and physical control of society, use of the workforce or fulfillment of citizen needs are the factors that our governments have the power to create. Can we think that maybe we are the figures on a chessboard and we can only be moved when its time for the good move, well planned for us by someone who has ‘the right to think he is no better than everyone? Martin Luther King woke up these chess figures, gave those eyes and told them to look around, gave them emotions so they think about the past, gave these figures faith that they would be free one day to move along their own lifes path. Key elements: Barack Obama and Martin Luther King dreams. Martin Luther King 9 (I have a dream) 1-I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. 2-I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. 3-I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. 4-I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. 5-I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream, the one that was shared among the crowds and nation hearts and emotions, hope that traveled through great Mississippi river and valleys and mountains of America spread traveled like a billions of spears infected with emotion crossing our hearts and crippling us for a moment to think about how to heal the old scars. Martin Luther King gives us confident belief in truth, a stick has two ends, although some believe in karma that better days will come, bad influences will get their part as being in hell or treated for their actions, where good influence stays as positive and inviting energy that seeks for truth will have its turn and among the other states which will transform. Barrack Obama 10 (Yes we can) 1-Change is a foreign policy that doesnt begin and end with a war that shouldve never been authorized and never been waged. 2- Change is realizing that meeting todays threats requires not just our firepower, but the power of our diplomacy tough, direct diplomacy where the President of the United States isnt afraid to let any petty dictator know where America stands and what we stand for. 3- Change is building an economy that rewards not just wealth, but the work and workers who created it. Its understanding that fiscal responsibility and shared prosperity can go hand-in-hand. Barrack Obama described the changes in a simple manner that everyone could understand, what can be changed. The need for transformation leads to people who feel for it and proudly say ‘yes we can with a power of diplomacy that comes together with equal decisions, justice and pride in the brotherhood of U.S citizens and all over the world. Including truth, that we all are humans, with less discrimination and injustice we shall learn to work hand in hand and be trustworthy in accepting new ideas from any source, in peace and with attention. An answer to the threat should be not thinking about tactics to overpower, but to think how to think diplomatically. Emotions Barack Obama Barack Obama has steadily moved his political career towards the presidents chair of the United Stated of America. He‘s a great man who loves his family and his friends. He respects his country as well as its citizens who live in U.S. or abroad. His victory speech, was somewhat related to Martin Luther King speech ‘I have a dream‘. Barack Obama used a powerful emotion to enter people hearts projecting truth and causing emotions to go over the sides. Yes we can is a strong force of power that is hidden in these three simple words, and reminds of Martin Luther King ‘I have a dream which is a metaphor for ‘time for a change a dream that is meant to come true. However Barack Obama had a lot of support from a hip hop idol, the richest hip hop artist Jay Z, who wrote a song called ‘History11. The song was about the American history time line of injustice, racism, prejudice, those who fought the barriers of injustice. Jay Zs song relates to Martin Luther King and Barack Obama speeches in the shape of support and truth that one man can make a change together in a bond of hope and time which is kept as a the key to the American dream. They are remembered and today used in Obamas campaign for elections as inspiration. How Barrack Obama was accepted to number one ‘A success is like lust, which is good for the touch Which is good for the moment, but she`s never enough 12 Barack Obama and his staff invested time and money for their plans and deep thoughts to come up with a great victory plan, they were very simple and effective. There were plenty of advertisements, getting his message to sparkle and shine and the use of common technology (internet websites; e.g. Facebook, Blackberries) that everybody use nowadays. Music writers supported his positive ambitions. Jay-Z helped a lot with his ‘History song, and supported Barack Obama. It all sounds like a good plan. Maybe its only the cherry on the top of the cakes, making it all believable that he is the man who can bring changes to society and the economy. He is someone who understands in which century he is living. People joined him, inspired by their connection to him because he showed a direction everyone wanted to see their nation heading towards. Well everybody loves truth, but is that all? Barack Obamas great speech resulted in a massive number of votes not determined by race or age13. Martin Luther Kings dream has been re- awakened. President Barack Obamas speech to the crowds of people on his primary election night on June 3rd 2008, said: ‘And, because all the million people, you believed that this year must be different than all the rest 14. Can Barrack Obama change voter opinions? They only listen, but can they also tell that Martin Luther King dream of equality is being awoken again? President Obamas success brought many hopes and dreams that were re-awakened from deep down of our memories to continue what we like and think is positive. The ideas behind great speech will have to be completed gradually if the President wants to lead America, to be a good leader he must continue to be the one who awakens the dreams in all of us. Votes for President Barrack Obama by race and age: White Americans voted between fifty four percent and forty percent, African Americans voted between ninety six percent and ninety four percent.15 Do we still face racism? Martin Luther Kings dream is relevant today and the country is going in a positive direction more and more when we look at the graph. People don‘t know what‘s going to happen now or later, they have an idea, but maybe Barrack Obama will run out of time to complete his promises and will increase the skepticism amongst Americans. We should never wish for any quick fix. Americans wished for quick changes in socio-economic-issues politics from a person they believed had the power to say everything Americans wanted to hear. ‘As the crowd screams, for the other team I practice so hard for this moment victory don`t lead I know what this means, I`m stuck in this routine Whole new different day, but the same old things All I got is dreams, but nobody else could see Nobody else believe, nobody else but me Where are you victory, I need you desperately Not just for the moment, to make history16. Jay-Z gives a perfect description of a man who has determined himself to make a change. In the election Barack Obama fought with his heart and brain; the same routine every day, but he knew that when he won, the change wouldnt come as fast as many people hope. Hes eager to make difference, and wants to be recorded in history with his actions as change. Not too young, not too old, he has lived in the same conditions as every American, he is smart enough to hold the weight of all the states in the U.S. on his shoulders, to be proven only in four year future. The next four years are the imprint for Barack Obama, its time to change the history and sort out good from bad. Martin Luther King had a problem, himself, that he was black and in 1963 there was way more racism and race/religious crimes. Today we look at another black man Barack Obama and we do not turn our backs on him; character is the key point of human identification and so we follow the brotherhood. Socio economic indicators in America The unemployment rate of black and white Americans comparison Between 1990 and 2000 the unemployment rate for black Americans declined by 0.4 percent, and at the same time between 1990 and 2000 white Americans unemployment rate declined by 0.1 percent. By the year 2000 the unemployment rate had increased for both, black and white races. Factually referring to the statistics black Americans had doubled their unemployment rate up to 8.3 percent and white Americans also has doubled their unemployment rate up to 4.2 percent, half less unemployment than Blacks .17 As mentioned before we can see that U.S citizens have differentiated unemployment rates, thus we can say that this data is telling us that black Americans were more likely to be unemployed. However whites were too, but not that much. Decline in unemployment rate 2000 White Black Decline 4.2 8.3 1990 White Black Decline 0.1 0.4 The statistics tells us again that it takes time for the wishes to be achieved, and be attained. Martin Luther King spoke about ‘slaves and owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood18 and that relies on the recovery of economic growth which Barack Obama explained as everything comes ‘in fits and starts19. It takes time to create jobs and on 2008 the amount of money that was given 787 billion dollars into U.S economy has saved and created one million employments this year in 2009 20. It is clear that Martin Luther Kings speech, ‘I have a dream is in the hands of Barack Obama. We are still fighting for equality, but we cant push the development time forward. Changes: Poverty, racism and alienation have blossomed in America in the past. Hate overwhelms society, when it creates victims. Issues like race, religion, sexual orientation or other, have come to be related with crimes. The Black community has been hated till the last breath in the past. At last all these negativities made about other races are starting to go away. Generally, Black Americans have had a big influence in American history, even though society forced them to live together in the shadows. Today Blacks are offered for more professional jobs. Many of them enter universities and pass to get a degree; many are politicians and there is no better evidence than Barack Obama. The Black middle class is much more accepted today in America and their success has showed changes in many ways. Multiracial celebrities many poets, writers and intelligentsia are highly visible. The changes from 1963 till 2009 are different. In 1963 when Martin Luther King gave his speech, American people were le ss knowledgeable with the spiritual side of human, thus relied on simply surviving. Taking the journey to year 2009, emotions are put in first place there is a serious tone to issues and there is an effort to find a solution by talking. Conclusion People trust in what they see these days more than before. Money and power is what we see and hold clear our hands. But one person who was seen and heard by many of us, Martin Luther King, was not about money or power, he was about giving hope and changing the hearts of people. Barack Obama is a person who respects Martin Luther Kings issues that appear to be with us today. Both society characters were acting for Americas sake to make a difference in emotions, political values, education accessibility, unemployment rates and housing. All these issues were related to both of their characters and, who knows, maybe Martin Luther Kings speech will be needed again to touch our hearts. We can see the truth, over in time if Barack Obama fulfills his great ideas that have blossomed with joy and celebration from the American people. Truly united, and there shall be equality. Not only about racial justice, but for there to be equality there must be a materialistic support and education for every person. This should be the prime assistance for countrys development. We choose the way we want to live and Martin Luther King was a man who thought a way of living in equality, to create no boundaries for his fellow US citizens and humanity worldwide. The spread of the connected dreams takes time to collect and fulfill, but we are going in the right direction with the right amount of listeners today compared to before. Think of what we have, what we miss and what can be done to fight the barriers of insecurity or uncertainty in life. Barack Obama has chosen his words greatly to re unite the country and its citizens. Being a President with ability to talk to crowds of deserved people who have every piece of expression in that speech, this is amazingly unifying. Barrack Obama made people believe in what he believes, introducing people to non ignorant life and uncovering those pathways that Martin Luther King took really carefully. Barack Obama is relevant to continue Martin Luther Kings dream and the spirit living in the lines of the speech can never be destroyed or be irrelevant in the future, it is a treasure that was shared with us for generations. Footnotes 1- http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html entered September 28th 2009, page 1. 2- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 3- http://www.kkk.com November 5th 2009, page 1. 4- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 5- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 6- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 7- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/75/US_home_ownership_by_race.png , http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883976.html entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 8-http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 9-http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1. 10- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/03/obamas-nomination-victory_n_105028.html entered September 5th 2009, page 1. 11-http://www.kovideo.net/lyrics/j/Jay-Z/History.html entered September 11th 2009, page 1. 12-http://www.kovideo.net/lyrics/j/Jay-Z/History.html entered September 11th 2009, page 1. 13- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/03/obamas-nomination-victory_n_105028.html entered September 11th 2009, page 1. 14- http://images.google.nl/imgres?imgurl=http://allotherpersons.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/percent-who-voted-for-obama.png%3Fw%3D657%26h%3D329imgrefurl=http://allotherpersons.wordpress.com/2009/04/09/the-color-of-the-young-vote-2008/usg=__XEMS7cJ2bVDHWR86kCOaJI_wjOQ=h=329w=657sz=8hl=nlstart=15um=1tbnid=2O4bgvMn2_jqsM:tbnh=69tbnw=138prev=/images%3Fq%3DPercent%2Bvoted%2Bfor%2BBarrack%2Bobama%2Bby%2Brace%2Band%2Bage%26hl%3Dnl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 entered September 5th 2009, page 1. 15- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/03/obamas-nomination-victory_n_105028.html entered September 11th 2009, page 1. 16-http://www.kovideo.net/lyrics/j/Jay-Z/History.html entered November 18th 2009. 17-http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/04/minorities_economy.html 18- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm entered October 12th 2009, page 1 19- http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113426838 entered November 2nd 2009. Page1. 20-http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113426838 entered November 2nd 2009. Page1. Bibliography 1- http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html Martin Luther King Biography. Nobel Lectures, Peace 1951-1970, Editor Frederick W. Haberman, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1972 2- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 3- http://www.kkk.com Ku Klux Klan; Pastor Thomas Robb; USA racist clan. 4- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 5- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 6- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 7- http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883976.html Changes in home ownership by race in U.S.A from 1996 2007. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/75/US_home_ownership_by_race.png Changes in home ownership by race in U.S.A from 1964 2005 graph. 8- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 9- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm Martin Luther King speech, delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Estate of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Intellectual Properties Management One Freedom Plaza 449 Auburn Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30312 Fax: 404-526-8969 10- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/03/obamas-nomination-victory_n_105028.html Remarks of Senator Barack Obama Final Primary Night Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 St. Paul, Minnesota; The Huffington post 06 3 08 11-http://www.kovideo.n

Rab7a and CMT2b Essay -- Biology, Proteins, Cells

Rab7a and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2b The aim of this essay is to review recent research into the Rab7a gene mutations and the mechanistic causes of Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2b. It will ascertain if there is a clear forerunner in terms of theory of pathology due to Rab7a mutations. Any specific potential treatments for CMT2b that have been discovered will also be investigated Rab7a is a gene that provides the instructions to make the protein Rab7. Rab7 is one of over sixty Rab proteins identified within mammalian cells, all of which belong to the Ras superfamily. All Rab proteins are involved with the endo/exocytic, secretory pathways and each one associates with its own specific membranes and organelles, although it may share a membrane with another Rab protein. Rab7 has been discovered to function in the late endosomes, lysosomes and the autophagosomes. Like all Rabs, Rab7 is a monomeric GTPase that cycles from an active, GTP-associated, membrane-bound state to a GDP-associated state that is found in the cytosol as part of a complex with the soluble Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDI). To activate Rab7, a membrane bound guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is needed. Once the Rab7 has gained a GTP at the loss of GDP and become anchored into a plasma membrane by a hydrophobic lipid anchor, two ‘switch’ regions conformationally change to allow recruitment and binding of other effector proteins that assist with vesicle transport, membrane tethering and fusion. See figure 1. Hydrolysis of GTP is accelerated by GTPase-activating factors (GAPs), and membrane insertion and extraction is partially coupled to nucleotide exchange (Grosshans et al, 2006) ... ...hin the cell may be particularly pronounced in the longer neurites of the extremities, providing support for Spinosa et al’s (2008) previous suggestion that CMT2b mutations affect the longer neurons due to the increased distance that molecules have to travel compared to other neurons. Valproic acid has been found to stimulate neurite growth in the presence of CMT2b-associated Rab7 mutants through Erk. Valproic acid (VPA) is a short-branched fatty acid, a mood stabiliser it is normally used to treat bi-polar disorder, and as an anticonvulsant (Manji et al, 2001 IN: Yamauchi et al, 2010). Yamauchi et al in 2006/2007 reported that VPA promoted neurite growth through the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in mouse neuroblastoma cells. In 2010, Yamauchi et al studied the effect of VPA in a neuropathy model, again in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N1E-115 cells)

Another Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Many of Ernest Hemingway's books have had different meaning and all could be interpreted in different way, but there has never been so much written about his other stories. Well the Old Man and the Sea had more written about it than any of his other novels and there have never been so many different types of interpretations about his other novels. The Old Man and the Sea is a book in which can be interpreted in many different ways. Here you will read what many critics have composed about the story of a great writer, Ernest Hemingway. Many of the critics have the same outlook on the works of Hemingway. Hemingway's work The Old man and the Sea can be looked at in many different perspectives. All the critics believed that his styling of writing was very defined. In 1944 Ernest Hemingway went to Havana, Cuba and it was there he wrote a letter to Maxwell Perkins which states he has a idea on a new novel called The Old Man and the Sea ( Nelson and Jones 139). Hemingway first got his idea for The Old Man and the Sea from the stories that he had heard in the small fish cities in Cuba by a man named Carlos Gutierrez. He had known of this man for about twenty years and the stories of the fighting marlins. It was then that he imagined that man under the two circumstances and came up with the idea. After about twenty years of pondering on the story , he decided that he would start on the novel of The Old Man and the Sea. The story The Old Man and the Sea is about a old man named Santiago who has to over come the great forces of nature. Things seem to always go wrong for him because originally he started out going to fish for some dinner, then he caught the biggest marlin ever and it pulled him out in the bay of Cuba even more then he was. After he was pulled out, he hurt his hands and couldn't risk going to sleep because of the risk of sharks. When the sharks finally attacked he lost the marlin which had become a great part of him because he knew that no one would believe him when he told them the size of the marlin. This has to be one of the most memorable fights in a novel that I have ever seen, but I think that the way he put the novel together was just as good as that of the fight. When he put them together it was then

Napoleon :: essays research papers

Mastering Luck Explain Quote ?I had been nourished by reflecting on liberty, but I thrust it out of my way when it obstructed me path.? I believe this quote means that Napoleon was a believer in liberty and that he attempted to use it to rule his people justly. The rest of the quote means that liberty and justice can only be used to the point at which it doesn?t challenge his laws and governing power. Napoleon had the aspiration of total domination, and he had no intentions of letting peoples natural freedoms interrupt those dreams. I also believe that the people of those times were fed up with anarchy and lack of control and were willing to give up some of their personal freedoms for the sake of control and a better country. Question 2 Napoleon actually crossed the Alps on a mule. Why did David paint him riding on a horse? What adjectives best describe David?s portrayal of Napoleon? Why? The reason Napoleon was painted on a horse was probably to make him look very courageous. Napoleon was a very vain man and we cannot be sure if he had anything to do with the change from the actual event. A mule usually brings to mind pictures of slow advancement and a very weak attacker, but in reality, they were probably better for going over mountains, which I believe is the reason Napoleon didn?t just use a horse. To describe Napoleon crossing the St. Bernard pass, I think there are many adjectives that could be used. Napoleon looked very daring, because he was pointing onward toward the soon to be conquered lands that he had his mind set on taking for his empire. Napoleon also looked very fierce by the stern face the painter portrayed, and the position the horse was in, which looked like it was about to jump and crush an enemy. The Summit of Greatness Question 1 The above engraving was part of a propaganda campaign directed at both English and French audiences. What was the drawing intended to show the French? Why would they be prepared to believe some of the picture?s more fanciful aspects? The French people had come out of time of oppression by tyrannical monarchs and uncaring, corrupt government officials. They were ready for a new birth as a new nation, which was able to stand on its own and even be an overlord to its neighbors.

Single Parents

Tony Lowery February 26, 13 1St Block Shakespearian Theatre (Globe) The Shakespearian globe was built in 1599 In Southwark on the South bank of London’s River Thames by Richard Burbage. The globe was built large, round and open aired. There was a roof around the circumference which covered the seating area, leaving the theatre looking like a doughnut from above. Old wood from â€Å"The Theatre â€Å"created by Richard Burbage was re-used to make the globe. The globe held up to 3,000 spectators and sold out and awful lot.Shake spears plays were so good at the base of the stage there was a place called â€Å"The Pit† which was on the ground. In order to get in the pit you would have to pay a penny and you stand to watch the play. Shake spear was a shareholder who owned 12. 5% of the Globe theatre. As a young writer Shakespeare bought shares in the theatre and benefited financially as his popularity grew. In order for you to identify what type of play was going on that d ay there were color coded flags used Red= History play, White=Comedy, and Black=Tragedy.Right above the main entrance you would see a banner known as the motto that read: â€Å"Totus mundus agit histrionem† –which is Latin for â€Å"The whole world is a playhouse†. When the globe 1st opened there were no actresses so all female roles were played by young boys as theatre stages were considered too risque a place for ladies. During the play Henry VIII there was a canon being used but not the correct way, and because it wasn’t used the right way it set fire to the roof and the fire quickly spread, reportedly taking less than two hours to burn down completely. After burning down in 1613 The Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same spot in 1614.The Puritans brought an end to The Globe Theatre in 1642 with an order suppressing all stage plays. In 1644 The Globe Theatre was turned into tenement housing, ending 85 years of turbulent history. The Globe was generally considered to be a circular building, however when a small part of the theatre’s foundations were uncovered the late 1980’s it seems that the building was actually a polygon of 20  sides. In 1997 a third version and faithful reconstruction of The Globe Theatre was built as â€Å"Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre†, close to the original site in Southwark.

Promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young people Essay

Culture can have many different meanings and the way the word is used has changed over time. Culture can cut across nationalities and religions. It is what gives groups of people in our society their identity. Culture also refers to the way groups live, for example – travellers with, shared customs, thoughts, arts, language and social activity. Recognising and promoting cultural diversity of individuals and groups within the school will develop learning and encourage the knowledge and understanding of all pupils. It is important that schools celebrate the bilingual or multilingual skills of pupils. Schools will have a policy in place which states how to ensure inclusive practice, including the additional support for pupils who need to improve their English if it is not their first language. We have a child in our class (Year 2) who is learning 2 languages that are spoken in Venezuela, where his parents are from. He is learning Spanish and Warao. We have noticed that he is finding it difficult sometimes to comprehend instructions. As teaching staff we are understanding and sympathetic to his needs as we are aware he is learning about his culture which is extremely important to his parents and his upbringing. We repeat any instructions given and check he has understood them. Understanding and taking account of our pupil’s background and culture is essential for us to build effective relationships and provide support. The diverse cultures in our society should be recognised and reflected throughout the curriculum. For example, incorporating music, foods, stories and drama from a range of cultures will help to contribute to a prosperous curriculum. This demonstrates that we (as a school) are not only valuing the culture of groups but also supporting all pupils to explore and understand cultures which are different from their own. During International Week in school last year each class picked a country to explore and learn about. The children had to learn about the culture, language, foods, traditions and the flag of their chosen country. The class teacher also did the register in the language of the country and the children answered ‘good morning’ in the language also. At the end of the week we held a school assembly for each class to do a presentation of their work on their country and the interesting and cultural things they had found out.

Anaylse “The Thing”

The old cover was published on the video tape of the film. The new cover was published on a DVD. The old covers was published by PolyGram company and the new one was published by Universal Studios. The intended audience for the old cover is people over the age of twelve. I know this because the certificate on the film is twelve. This is in contrast to the old one where the certificate is eighteen. This reflects the advancements of technology, cameras are more powerful and are superior than they were forty years ago and are capable of putting more affects in order to make the film to appear extra horrific. The old movie may not be suitable for over twelve because of it will require a long attention span and this shows that the movie is created for people who have longer attention spans. And the subject that is covered in the film will not be designed for under twelve's and they may loose interest. Both films are for people who are fond of science fiction (sci-fi). I think it is designed for the entertainment of both sexes and regardless of your level of education; you shouldn't have too much intricacy understanding both films. There are opinions on both of the covers. The purpose of the opinions is to persuade the reader to buy/watch film. All the opinions are positive and the effect this has is to make the reader think positive things about the film. On the old cover the opinion is â€Å"Howard Hawk's superb sic-fi thriller has become a huge cult classic and it is chilly as it is now as it was forty years ago†. â€Å"Chilly† is a play on word with two definitions it can indicate that it is very cold and also terrifying; both definitions apply to the text. The purpose of both texts is to persuade. It's a horror/sci fi so it has to appear to be bloodcurdling and the language should reflect this. Long sentences are used on both covers. The use of ellipses creates suspense and the reader would want to know more. Lots of alliteration is used throughout both texts. â€Å"Cult Classic† re-emphasizes the fact that the film is one of a kind and that it's not to be missed. â€Å"Strange Spaceship† and â€Å"Superb Sci fi† are also examples of alliteration, alliteration helps you to remember and it sounds better on the tongue. Alliteration can also aid in memory and it provides additional emphasis. The text is their to show the positive light and to persuade the reader to watch/buy the film. The producers of the film do this because their ultimate aim is to make profit. On both covers there are facts and opinion. Old Cover- â€Å"A government station near the North Pole detects the crash of an un-identifies object and asks the air force to investigate. Captain Hendry locates a strange spaceship and a mysterious figure is frozen in the ice† This is a fact as it tells the reader what is going to occur in the film. â€Å"Howards Hawks superb sic fi thriller† this is an opinion not everyone will think the same. On the new cover, â€Å"Horror meister John Carpenter (Halloween Escape from New York) teams Kurt Russels outstanding performance with incredible visuals to build the chilling version of the whole classic thing†~ This is a positive opinion of the film, this again is their to persuade the reader to purchase the film. This opinion also promotes the actor (Kurt Russels) and this in turn will make his fans wanting to watch the film. They use hyperbolic language when describing his acting as â€Å"outstanding†. John Carpenters name is frequently repeated and his high-quality horror making skills are re-emphasized frequently. â€Å"In the winter of 1982 a twelve man research at remote Antarctica research team at a remote Antarctic research Station discovers an alien buries in the snow for over 1,000,000 years†.~ This is a fact, it tells you what will occur in the film, and it makes it sound as appealing and alluring as possible. The use of the word â€Å"remote† makes you sympathize with them as they are alone and isolation with a terrifying monster/alien on the loose. There are various number of people quoted in the covers of the film. In the New cover â€Å"John Carpenter† is described as a â€Å"horror meister†. Film-fans who have viewed any of his previous films before and are a fan of his work also want to view this one. In the old cover Howard Hawk is described as producing a â€Å"superb sci fi thriller† and his previous films are used to his credit (they appear to be quite successful) so that is another favourable impression of the film. The writer is very pleasant, carefree and blithesome. His writing tone is very spirited and refreshing this is probably because they are not talking about a serious issue, they are promoting a film. They are bias because they are only focusing on the positive things about the film. I am sure the film is not flawless. What about the film critics what about the negative comments that they have made about the film? Kurt Russels outstanding performance† – not everyone will agree. The actors are illustrated on the both of the covers rather than the brains behind it all. On the new cover the illustration of a strange man with a beard on engages the viewer. This image is right next to the blurb. The slogan is â€Å"Man is the warmest place to hide†. There is mysterious image of someone (alien or human?) on the front cover with this person is faceless, and this again engages and captivates the viewer. The new cover has blue and white on it, perhaps this is a connotation for ice and arctic weather as it is freezing in the Antarctic. The title of the film (The Thing) is in very large bold print and it's in upper case letters. The old cover is mainly black and white and the text and title of the film is in red print. Red as colour is very bright and stands out especially when the background is back and white. Perhaps the colour red is a connotation for blood and danger. The alien is portrayed as being colossal compared to them and it's made to look very intimidating and threatening with very razor-sharp lengthy fingernails. For forty years ago the old cover would have almost certainly have been the finest for the time period. The fact that they wouldn't be as much competition as there is now than forty years ago would also help conspicuously. The cover of the new film is very extremely attractive and I would unquestionably be interested viewing it. The old cover perhaps the older generation would like to view. I prefer modern movies but then again this is a matter of personal opinion.

Identity Formation Essay

Identity formation is a universal term for young girls and boys who are trying to create themselves once they have that self awareness concept. There are many experiments that show media, peer pressure, and environmental factors contribute towards alternating a person’s identity. Natural observation and the longitudinal study can show the changes that form when a person encounters a social environmental factor that can alter their own identity which; it could be through friends, pressure to fit in, or celebrity envy. Two research methods that would prove to show that media, peer pressure, and social environmental factors do influence identity formation would be studying a participant over a long period time and studying a person in a natural setting with out them knowing. For example doing a longitudinal study on a participant will show the influences of different factors that will have on a certain participant through out their development. Doing this kind of research method will show the progress of changes in that participant’s life and will show the researcher the affect it has on her or his identity development. For example a young girl who always watches celebrities through out her childhood and into her teen years will show an affect on her identity rather then someone who is taught on real life and how people are suppose to look like or act. â€Å"Adolescents who watched music videos were more likely to recognize and relate to the socially competent behaviors demonstrated in the music videos than to the negative images or entertainment only value of the video (Te’Neil Lloyd 2000). † Using a natural setting can show researchers if participants act differently in real life after watching certain movies or shows. Without the participant knowing they are being studied they will show a natural behavior and most likely send out a false identity after being exposed to those social media factors. The downside about using these two research methods can be both participants can drop out anytime they want. Such as using the longitudinal study the young participant can drop out of the study anytime of his/her life. To make sure this study is ethical is to have a parent’s permission for their child to participate in this study over their entire development span. For the natural setting observation study the researchers cannot talk to whoever they are observing which can lead to involvement towards the study and interrupting the natural behavior. To make sure this type of research study is ethical is to not use names and make sure other people cannot find these participants in their community. Or they can tell their participants that they want to observe them, but not tell them when and do the observation randomly. Overall identity formation can be manipulated at anytime in the child’s development stages; media, magazines, and their own peer group can change how they view themselves. Using a natural setting for observation, and longitudinal study can show researchers that social factors and environmental factors can influence identity formation. Overall social media, celebrity shows, and environmental factors have a heavy impact on our lives each day. Many young girls and boys try to find their own medium with all these barriers to overcome with trying to fit in at school or watching TV shows that show unrealistic behaviors and appearances for the real world. â€Å"Teenaged adolescents watch more movies than any other segment of the population. More than 4 million adolescent girls monthly purchase magazines such as Seventeen and Sassy (Evans et aL, 1991), and three-fourths of white females aged 12-14 read at least one magazine regularly (Klein et al. , 1993). Add to this videos, books, and newspapers, and the total amounts to a significant part of the daily experience of adolescents (Jensen Arnett 1995). † This fact shows many girls and boys are exposed to a lot of media, gossip magazines and movies that many people envy for their life and identity to be like.

Quantitative report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Quantitative report - Essay Example In spite of the fact that Brisbane is a state capital, the historical background of the area states that it’s no lesser than a large town of the country located on the northern parts of Australia. Earlier the place was known for its parochialism in the social and political contexts. However in the late 80’s, after the retirement of Bjelke-Petersen, Brisbane walked on the path of modernization. Today the place is known to have a growing metropolitan ambience with developing industries and a promising cultural environment, accompanied by congestion and a developing property market. Motivation Factors to Attend Event In order to explore the true motivation of people for attending the musical event held in Brisbane, a close ended sample questionnaire was circulated randomly to approximately 100 people that had attended the event. The questionnaire was constructed so as to reflect practical cause that motivates an individual to attend such event. The responses of people were provided as input to statistical analysis and it was found that the three most motivating factors for tourists’ to such events are Known-group socialization, Cultural experience and Intention. These results are derived from t-test result values where the p-values of these variables were found to be very low implying high confidence level and reliability. On the other hand, the primary festival motivation for most musical events consist of various factors like raising funds, spreading a message, promotion of a campaign, competition, and so on. At the same time the audiences attends the event with several motives like enjoyment (Intention), getting the company of friends (Socialization), having a preference for the performer or simply because they love music (Culture). Thus, it is obvious that a place as urbanized as Brisbane would attract a lot of tourist. Yet the geographical location of the place causes much hindrance for people to reach Brisbane since it’s situated in the remote parts of Australia. As a result the bands that perform here do not find a motivating group of audience. In this context Joel Saunders of the â€Å"Ambitious Lovers† group states, â€Å"They don’t come up here because they don’t get good turn-outs. Had they come up here in the prime time of [venue] 610 and stuff, there just would have been kids there for no reason, which would have just turned up there (Interview 1 May 2008)† (Rogers, 2008). The local bands of Brisbane however manage to gather a small number of audiences which remains highly dependent on the venue and day of the concert. It was noted by Griffin that the modern era of globalization is drawing the audiences from their local boundaries and placing them in a global arena where the various constraints are easily overcome (Brennan, 2007). Research Question On this basis three research questions can be framed- 1. How the demographic profile of the audience can affect their motive to wards attending the musical event? The sample questionnaire was circulated among 100 randomly selected individuals and when their responses were analyzed it was found that the main demographic profile for attending music event in Brisbane consists of people with age-group of 18 to 30 years. The result of statistical analysis shows that about 46 people out of 100 are in that age-group which is further dominated by females. This is because 52% of this 46 people in that age-grou

Rebuttal on controversial topic (would like it on torture) Essay

Rebuttal on controversial topic (would like it on torture) - Essay Example This torture could lead to posttraumatic stress disorder. Rarely has any method of treatment included the partner of the war veteran, and this is the subject of the article â€Å"Key Elements in Couples Therapy With Veterans With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder† by Michelle D. Sherman, Dona K. Zanotti, and Dan E. Jones. However, when viewed from the opposite perspective, treating the war veterans, who have faced mental tortures during the war, with the help of their spouses may not work all the time. The war veterans after returning to their homes will exhibit their PSTD mainly against their spouses, which will impact them negatively. That is, with the spouses also suffering because of their husband’s mental disorder caused by mental torture, they may not in a correct state of mind to treat their husband’s problems. Importantly as martial discord will also rise due to their husbands’ mental problems, and in that bickering state, it would be di fficult for the spouse to aid the treatment process. Although, the authors provided a case study which shows the efficiency of the couples’ therapy treatment suggested by them, it may not work all the time.

Impact of Technology on Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Impact of Technology on Education - Essay Example The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in US lays an added emphasis1 on the use of technology for the betterment of the sector. Information Technology is the all important offspring of Technology having its footprints on the way education is imparted or educational material is prepared or education is accepted by the intended audience. Taking care of this fact, the Campus Computing Project (CCP) happens to be one of the largest continuing study programme about the role of IT in American higher education. As internet is gradually maturing and presenting a paradigm shift in its very ideation, the infrastructure has acquired a business character, a transcontinental personality and a vending framework of wide-ranging, business, educational, scientific and personal data. Now the use of internet covers real-time computer conferencing, audio broadcasting, video broadcasting, real time telephony and of course real-time business. Education too takes a leaf out of such applications and has been able to make good use of internet and related technologies. There is increasing participation of private and public sector together with government in making technology available to different aspects of educational needs. Apple Inc. a leading company using technology and computing for its business objectives, for example has partnered in many education related schemes like; Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow (ACOT), North Central Regional Education Laboratory (NCREL), International Data Corporation (IDC) etc . which helped not only in encouraging the use of technology in education, but also made fullest use of technology in promoting the cause of education. In his famous taxonomy, Bloom (1964) identified the domains within which learning takes place. He labelled them as cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Traditionally, the concentration has been on the cognitive domain with comprehension, facts and figures acquiring the centre stage. But with technology making its impact, information society made it almost compulsory for the education providers to bring into effect, adequate amendments in their approach so that the learning process becomes far more interactive and effective. In this new approach role of student as well as the means of education became more important. In fact this theory too has been in practice for quite a while now, as is evident from what Rogers (1961) said about the learning process. Rogers (1961) stated that the only learning that significantly influences human behavior happens to be self-discovered. The IT era has helped in making the learning process more interactive, and more relevant to the fast pace developm ent of the day. Education for sustainable development therefore focuses more on how people live, work and make decisions. The learning process in general involves; Learning values and cultures: Such an education is imparted by the parents and the society in general. How the parents behave, what are the means of communication used by the parents, how effectively the parents are able to manage their time and efforts towards the children, and what kind of social upbringing is the child subjected to, are some of the major contributors towards the value education. The ethics and cultures too are picked by the students from his/ her

Environmental health Epidemiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Environmental health Epidemiology - Assignment Example Just like the name of the design suggests, the design involves comparing different cases of the same infection. In examination of the Shigellosis infection, several cases in the outbreak would have been compared with other infected individuals not related to this outbreak. This study design would have made it possible to investigate the infectious disease within the context of an extant surveillance system, since it compares prior infections and their causes, with the current cases in the Shigellosis outbreak. One of the principal advantages, of questioning the people that were not ill, is that it provided a basis for identifying the symptoms of Shigellosis through comparing the sick to the healthy. The healthy participants also allowed for distinction of findings from those resulting from other factors. Questioning these individuals also formed a basis of avoiding bias in the study. Examining healthy persons could have been disadvantageous in the sense that their selection could have been prejudiced. Further, it would have been difficult to determine if they were infected, especially if the disease was still in the incubation phase. The case-control study design primarily involved young participants, who were incapable of providing responses to some of the crucial research questions. The design was also vulnerable to selection bias, especially in choosing the control group. The age limitation could have been overcome through selection of an older cohort of participants, while bias would have been avoided through selecting the control group independent of exposure to research status. Bias could also have been avoided through selection of controls representative of the populace from which they were chosen. Potential measures of mitigating Shigellosis infection would include educating park visitors on the significance

Black Images In Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Black Images In Film - Movie Review Example The film deconstructs the image of the black man and the idea of the slave that is the added burden of his image (that Griffith actually justifies using Woodrow Wilson's writings in "A History of the American People". La ltima cena reveals the Calibn theme (the Hegelian master-slave ideology), colonizer and colonized binary, which is mainly influenced by the Cuban poet Roberto Fernndez Retamar's 1971 essay on Cuban revolutionary aesthetics, entitled 'Caliban'. Apart from that Caliban is an important symbol for postcolonial Cuba, since it gives a voice to the slave and allows an inversion of gaze where the "Other" finally speaks in his own language, desperately usurped by the master. Caliban was the name of the half-man half-fish in Shakespeare's "Tempest", a direct metaphor of the anthropological 'cannibals', that served as a landmark discourse for justifying the colonial rule which aimed at civilizing the savages, mainly the African Americans or the blacks. Thus the Calibn theme is of particular historical interest within the Latin America cinema of the seventies, where it was seen as symbolic of colonialism and enslavement.3 However, unlike 'The Seventh Seal', which looks Christian on the surfa ce but is actually existential, 'The Last Supper' has an existential approach for grappling at Christian salvation through an anatomy of slavery. Thus, when an enlightened and pious aristocrat (a White) attempts to celebrate the Last Supper with his slaves, the hideous relationship between the class system and the religious establishment is made to question. The film explore and adopt an experimental approach to the problem of historical truth. Alea's black comedy, La ultima cena achieve an allegorical quality which becomes a distinctive trait of the entire movement: the ability to speak of subjects on more than one level at the same time, of the present while talking of the past, for example, or of politics while talking of religion. At the same time, the exploration of these themes quickly left the aesthetic of neorealism behind, as directors and cinematographers sought to create a visual style, which matched the legendary qualities of the subject matter. The Last Supper is a caus tic, anti-religious social satire and role-playing gets drunkenly out of hand, the result is a slave rebellion -- and it is time for property ownership to reassert its place of precedence in the scheme of things. During Holy Week at the end of the eighteenth century, a count visits his Havana sugar mill on a day a slave has run away. The count tells his cruel overseer, Don Manuel, to pick 12 slaves who will be guests at the count's table. Don Manuel objects, but to no avail. The twelfth guest is the recaptured runaway. During the dinner, using religious analogies, the count lectures his guests on the perfect happiness possible in slavery. They in turn tell stories and make requests. He promises no work on Good Friday, but he leaves early that morning and Don Manuel rousts the slaves for a long day cutting cane. They rebel. Which side will the count take D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) has been defined as a domestic melodrama; a landmark epic that originally was originally called The Clansman.. What makes the